Trong tiếng anh, câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp là mảng kiến thức rất quan trọng và cần thiết. Bài viết dưới đây sẽ hệ thống lại kiến thức về câu trực tiếp gián tiếp và bên dưới là một số bài tập áp dụng để các bạn có thể nắm vững kiến thức nhé.
Các nguyên tắc cần nhớ khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp.
*Thì ( Tense)
+Lùi thì
Hiện tại đơn=> quá khứ đơn
Hiện tại tiếp diễn => quá khứ tiếp diễn
Hiện tại hoàn thành => quá khứ hoàn thành
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn => quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Quá khứ đơn => quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ tiếp diễn => quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn.
+Lưu ý: Nếu là một sự thật hiển nhiên, một sự kiện lịch sử có thật .. thì ta có thể lùi thì hoặc không
Vd: The article said that the fishing is/ was the most pop sport in Britain.
*Động từ khuyết thiếu ( modal verbs)
Will/ shall => would
Can => could
must => must/ had to/ should
have to => had to
Don't/ doesn't have to => didn't have to
mustn't => mustn't/ shouldn't
may => might
Am/ is / are going to => was/ were going to
*Chủ ngữ
I => He/ she
We => they / we
You => I/ we/ they
*Tân ngữ
me => him/ her
you => me/ us/ them
us => us/ them
*Đại từ sở hữu
my => his/ her
your =>my/ our/ their
our => our/ their
*Đại từ sở hữu
mine => his/ hers
yours =>mine/ ours/ theirs
ours => ours/ theirs
*Đại từ chỉ định
this => that
these => those
*Từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
here => there
tomorrow => the following/ next day, the day after
tonight => that night
yesterday => the day before, the previous day
now => then
next week/ year… => the following/ next week, the week after
last week => the week before, the previous week
Ago => before
*Đối với dạng câu nghi vấn có trợ động từ “ do, does, have, is, am, are, did…” ở đầu câu, ta làm như sau
S1+ asked/ told ( sb) if/ whether + S2+ V( lùi thì)
Vd: “ do you often get up early”, asked Lan
=> Lan asked me if I often got up early.
*Với câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: what, Where, which, how,... ta làm như sau
S1+ asked/ told ( sb) + từ để hỏi + S2+ V( lùi thì)
Vd: “how is the test today?” , my mother asked me
=> My mother asked me how the test today was.
*Đối với câu mệnh lệnh
S+ asked/ told sb+ to + V giữ nguyên
Vd: “ open your book”, my teacher said
=> My teacher asked us to open our book.
*Ngoài ra trong các đề thi rất hay sử dụng một số các động từ sau để chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
+S+ said to sb+ that+ mệnh đề
+S+ warned sb to V / not to V
Warn sb against V_ing: cảnh báo, nhắc nhở ai (không) nên làm gì
+S + advised sb (not) to do st : khuyên ai làm gì
+S+ promised sb ( not) to do : khuyên nhủ ai
+S + invited sb to do/ somewhere mời ai
+S + Threatened sb ( not) to do st: đe doạ sĩ
+ S+ Suggested + Ving: đề nghị
+ S+ Exclaimed + that+ S+ V(lùi thì) : khen ngợi ( cảm thán)
+ S+ congratulated+ sb+ on+ Ving : chúc mừng ai vì điều gì
+ S+ accused+ sb+ of st/ Ving
= S+ blamed sb for st/ Ving
+ S+ admitted+ Ving: thừa nhận đã làm gì
+ S+ denied+ Ving: phủ nhận đã làm gì
+ S+ refused+ to V : từ chối làm gì
+ S+ insisted+ on+ Ving khăng khăng, nài nỉ làm gì
+ S+ apologized+ to+ sb+ for(not)+ Ving xin lỗi ai vì làm ( không làm ) gì
+ S+ dreamed of+ Ving luôn mơ về điều gì
+ S+ encouraged + sb + to V: động viên ai làm gì
+ S+ reproached+ sb+ for+ Ving: trách mắng
+ S+ suspected sb of Ving : nghi ngờ ai làm gì
+ S+ regretted + Ving : hối tiếc đã làm gì
+ S + reminded sb + to V : nhắc nhở ai làm gì
+ S+ Criticized sb + For + Ving : phê bình ai việc gì
+ S + Thanked sb for st/ Ving : cảm ơn ai vì điều gì
Bài 1: Chuyển các câu trực tiếp sau sang câu gián tiếp
1.”I don’t want to go to the cinema next weekend”
=> She said
2. “ I often get up at 6.30 am every morning”
=> He said
3. “ Lan is always going to school late this week”
=> She said
4. “Julia travelled through Japan and Korea last month”
=> She said
5. “ I haven't heard from Lisa for a long time”, Mai said
=>Mai said
6. “I will take an exam next week”, Daniel said
=> Daniel said
7. “ You must finish your homework before going to school”, our teacher said to us
=> Our teacher said
8. “ I could sing well when I was three”, Binnie said
=> Binnie said
9. “They've been playing computer games for hours”
=> She told us that
10. “My mother was cooking dinner at 7pm yesterday*, Lan said
=> Lan told me that
11. “ Is your mother at home now”, my uncle asked me
=> My uncle asked me
12. “Will you come with me to the concert tonight”, Lan asked Hoa
=> Lan asked Hoa
13. “Have you been to Paris?” Jame asked Peter.
=> Jame asked Peter
14. “ How often do you go in the evenings”, Lan asked him
=> Lan asked him
15. “Why is Jennie absent from school today”, my teacher asked me
=> My teacher asked me
Bài 2: Chuyển các câu trực tiếp sau sang câu gián tiếp
1.” Don’t play football in the street”, the police said to us
=> The police warned
2. “ You should study harder”, the teacher said to Lan.
=> The teacher advised
3. “If I were you, I wouldn't lend her some money”, Peter said to me
=> Peter advised me
4. “I won't go home late”, he said to his mother.
=> He promised
5. “Come to visit my house whenever you are free”, Ann said to me
=> Ann invited me
6. “I will kill you if you call the police” , the robber said
=> The robber threatened
7. “Why don't we go to the cinema this Saturday?”, Lan said to us
=> Lan suggested
8. “What a beautiful dress”, Hoa said to Lan
=> Hoa exclaimed
9. “I’m happy to know that you've won the first prize in the English speaking contest”, Ba said to Thu
=> Ba congratulated
10. “You broke my vase”, she said to me
=> She accused
=> She blamed
11. “I didn't break the window”, Peter said
=> Peter denied
12. Ann said to her boss “ I'm sorry for being late”
=> Ann apologized
13. “ Don’t forget to do the housework this morning”, my mother said to me
=> My mother reminded
14. “ You shouldn’t have copied your friend’s answers”
=> My teacher criticised me
15. “I can’t take your gift”, he said to me.
=> He refused
16. “Look at the board”, said Alex
=> Alex told us
17. “Don't talk in class”
=> My teacher asked
18. “ Let me attend the party tonight with my friends”, Lan said to her mother.
=> Lan insisted
Đáp án
Bài 1:
1.She said that she doesn't want to go to the cinema the following weekend.
2. He said that he often gets up at 6.30 every morning.
3. She said that Lan was always going to school late that week.
4. She said that Julia had travelled through Japan and Korea the week before.
5. Mai said that she hasn't heard from Lisa for a long time.
6. Daniel said that he would take an exam the next week.
7. Our teacher said that we had to finish our homework before going to school.
8. Binnie said that she could sing well when she was three.
9. She told us that they had been playing computer games for hours.
10. Lan told me that her mother had been cooking dinner at 7 pm the day before.
11. My uncle asked me if my mother was at home then.
12. Lan asked Hoa if she would come with her to the concert that night.
13. Jame asked Peter if he had been to Paris.
14. Lan asked him how often he went in the evenings.
15. My teacher asked me why Jennie was absent from school that day.
Bài 2:
1.The police warned us not to play football in the street.
2. The teacher advised Lan to study harder.
3. Peter advised me not to lend her some money.
4. He promised his mother not to go home late.
5. Ann invited me to come to visit her house whenever I am free.
6. The robber threatened to kill me if I called the police.
7. Lan suggested going to the cinema that Saturday.
8. Hoa exclaimed that Lan's dress was beautiful.
9. Ba congratulated Thu on winning / having won the first prize in the English speaking contest.
10. She accused me of breaking her vase.
She blamed me for breaking her vase.
11. Peter denied breaking the window.
12. Ann apologized to her boss for being late.
13. My mother reminded me to do the housework that morning.
14. My teacher criticised me for copying my friend’s answers.
15. He refused to take my gift.
16. Alex told us to look at the board.
17. My teacher asked us not to talk in class.
18. Lan insisted her mother on attending the party that night with her friends.
Các nguyên tắc cần nhớ khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp.
*Thì ( Tense)
+Lùi thì
Hiện tại đơn=> quá khứ đơn
Hiện tại tiếp diễn => quá khứ tiếp diễn
Hiện tại hoàn thành => quá khứ hoàn thành
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn => quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Quá khứ đơn => quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ tiếp diễn => quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn.
+Lưu ý: Nếu là một sự thật hiển nhiên, một sự kiện lịch sử có thật .. thì ta có thể lùi thì hoặc không
Vd: The article said that the fishing is/ was the most pop sport in Britain.
*Động từ khuyết thiếu ( modal verbs)
Will/ shall => would
Can => could
must => must/ had to/ should
have to => had to
Don't/ doesn't have to => didn't have to
mustn't => mustn't/ shouldn't
may => might
Am/ is / are going to => was/ were going to
*Chủ ngữ
I => He/ she
We => they / we
You => I/ we/ they
*Tân ngữ
me => him/ her
you => me/ us/ them
us => us/ them
*Đại từ sở hữu
my => his/ her
your =>my/ our/ their
our => our/ their
*Đại từ sở hữu
mine => his/ hers
yours =>mine/ ours/ theirs
ours => ours/ theirs
*Đại từ chỉ định
this => that
these => those
*Từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
here => there
tomorrow => the following/ next day, the day after
tonight => that night
yesterday => the day before, the previous day
now => then
next week/ year… => the following/ next week, the week after
last week => the week before, the previous week
Ago => before
*Đối với dạng câu nghi vấn có trợ động từ “ do, does, have, is, am, are, did…” ở đầu câu, ta làm như sau
S1+ asked/ told ( sb) if/ whether + S2+ V( lùi thì)
Vd: “ do you often get up early”, asked Lan
=> Lan asked me if I often got up early.
*Với câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: what, Where, which, how,... ta làm như sau
S1+ asked/ told ( sb) + từ để hỏi + S2+ V( lùi thì)
Vd: “how is the test today?” , my mother asked me
=> My mother asked me how the test today was.
*Đối với câu mệnh lệnh
S+ asked/ told sb+ to + V giữ nguyên
Vd: “ open your book”, my teacher said
=> My teacher asked us to open our book.
*Ngoài ra trong các đề thi rất hay sử dụng một số các động từ sau để chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
+S+ said to sb+ that+ mệnh đề
+S+ warned sb to V / not to V
Warn sb against V_ing: cảnh báo, nhắc nhở ai (không) nên làm gì
+S + advised sb (not) to do st : khuyên ai làm gì
+S+ promised sb ( not) to do : khuyên nhủ ai
+S + invited sb to do/ somewhere mời ai
+S + Threatened sb ( not) to do st: đe doạ sĩ
+ S+ Suggested + Ving: đề nghị
+ S+ Exclaimed + that+ S+ V(lùi thì) : khen ngợi ( cảm thán)
+ S+ congratulated+ sb+ on+ Ving : chúc mừng ai vì điều gì
+ S+ accused+ sb+ of st/ Ving
= S+ blamed sb for st/ Ving
+ S+ admitted+ Ving: thừa nhận đã làm gì
+ S+ denied+ Ving: phủ nhận đã làm gì
+ S+ refused+ to V : từ chối làm gì
+ S+ insisted+ on+ Ving khăng khăng, nài nỉ làm gì
+ S+ apologized+ to+ sb+ for(not)+ Ving xin lỗi ai vì làm ( không làm ) gì
+ S+ dreamed of+ Ving luôn mơ về điều gì
+ S+ encouraged + sb + to V: động viên ai làm gì
+ S+ reproached+ sb+ for+ Ving: trách mắng
+ S+ suspected sb of Ving : nghi ngờ ai làm gì
+ S+ regretted + Ving : hối tiếc đã làm gì
+ S + reminded sb + to V : nhắc nhở ai làm gì
+ S+ Criticized sb + For + Ving : phê bình ai việc gì
+ S + Thanked sb for st/ Ving : cảm ơn ai vì điều gì
Bài 1: Chuyển các câu trực tiếp sau sang câu gián tiếp
1.”I don’t want to go to the cinema next weekend”
=> She said
2. “ I often get up at 6.30 am every morning”
=> He said
3. “ Lan is always going to school late this week”
=> She said
4. “Julia travelled through Japan and Korea last month”
=> She said
5. “ I haven't heard from Lisa for a long time”, Mai said
=>Mai said
6. “I will take an exam next week”, Daniel said
=> Daniel said
7. “ You must finish your homework before going to school”, our teacher said to us
=> Our teacher said
8. “ I could sing well when I was three”, Binnie said
=> Binnie said
9. “They've been playing computer games for hours”
=> She told us that
10. “My mother was cooking dinner at 7pm yesterday*, Lan said
=> Lan told me that
11. “ Is your mother at home now”, my uncle asked me
=> My uncle asked me
12. “Will you come with me to the concert tonight”, Lan asked Hoa
=> Lan asked Hoa
13. “Have you been to Paris?” Jame asked Peter.
=> Jame asked Peter
14. “ How often do you go in the evenings”, Lan asked him
=> Lan asked him
15. “Why is Jennie absent from school today”, my teacher asked me
=> My teacher asked me
Bài 2: Chuyển các câu trực tiếp sau sang câu gián tiếp
1.” Don’t play football in the street”, the police said to us
=> The police warned
2. “ You should study harder”, the teacher said to Lan.
=> The teacher advised
3. “If I were you, I wouldn't lend her some money”, Peter said to me
=> Peter advised me
4. “I won't go home late”, he said to his mother.
=> He promised
5. “Come to visit my house whenever you are free”, Ann said to me
=> Ann invited me
6. “I will kill you if you call the police” , the robber said
=> The robber threatened
7. “Why don't we go to the cinema this Saturday?”, Lan said to us
=> Lan suggested
8. “What a beautiful dress”, Hoa said to Lan
=> Hoa exclaimed
9. “I’m happy to know that you've won the first prize in the English speaking contest”, Ba said to Thu
=> Ba congratulated
10. “You broke my vase”, she said to me
=> She accused
=> She blamed
11. “I didn't break the window”, Peter said
=> Peter denied
12. Ann said to her boss “ I'm sorry for being late”
=> Ann apologized
13. “ Don’t forget to do the housework this morning”, my mother said to me
=> My mother reminded
14. “ You shouldn’t have copied your friend’s answers”
=> My teacher criticised me
15. “I can’t take your gift”, he said to me.
=> He refused
16. “Look at the board”, said Alex
=> Alex told us
17. “Don't talk in class”
=> My teacher asked
18. “ Let me attend the party tonight with my friends”, Lan said to her mother.
=> Lan insisted
Đáp án
Bài 1:
1.She said that she doesn't want to go to the cinema the following weekend.
2. He said that he often gets up at 6.30 every morning.
3. She said that Lan was always going to school late that week.
4. She said that Julia had travelled through Japan and Korea the week before.
5. Mai said that she hasn't heard from Lisa for a long time.
6. Daniel said that he would take an exam the next week.
7. Our teacher said that we had to finish our homework before going to school.
8. Binnie said that she could sing well when she was three.
9. She told us that they had been playing computer games for hours.
10. Lan told me that her mother had been cooking dinner at 7 pm the day before.
11. My uncle asked me if my mother was at home then.
12. Lan asked Hoa if she would come with her to the concert that night.
13. Jame asked Peter if he had been to Paris.
14. Lan asked him how often he went in the evenings.
15. My teacher asked me why Jennie was absent from school that day.
Bài 2:
1.The police warned us not to play football in the street.
2. The teacher advised Lan to study harder.
3. Peter advised me not to lend her some money.
4. He promised his mother not to go home late.
5. Ann invited me to come to visit her house whenever I am free.
6. The robber threatened to kill me if I called the police.
7. Lan suggested going to the cinema that Saturday.
8. Hoa exclaimed that Lan's dress was beautiful.
9. Ba congratulated Thu on winning / having won the first prize in the English speaking contest.
10. She accused me of breaking her vase.
She blamed me for breaking her vase.
11. Peter denied breaking the window.
12. Ann apologized to her boss for being late.
13. My mother reminded me to do the housework that morning.
14. My teacher criticised me for copying my friend’s answers.
15. He refused to take my gift.
16. Alex told us to look at the board.
17. My teacher asked us not to talk in class.
18. Lan insisted her mother on attending the party that night with her friends.